Many people expect adulthood to arrive with a sense of certainty. Yet for many in their mid to late twenties, the opposite can happen; a growing sense of confusion, pressure, or questioning about who they are and how they want to live. There is often an assumption that becoming an adult happens automatically.

We reach certain ages, complete education, begin careers, form relationships, and outwardly appear independent. Yet internally, many people describe feeling uncertain, disconnected, or unexpectedly overwhelmed during the transition into adulthood. In therapy, it is not unusual to meet clients in their mid to late twenties who describe feeling as though something has shifted. Choices that once felt exciting begin to feel more permanent. Relationships become more significant. Questions around identity, purpose, work, and belonging become more emotionally charged. For many, this period feels less like arriving and more like reorganising.

The Brain Is Still Developing

Although adolescence is often thought of as ending in the teenage years, aspects of emotional and social development continue well into early adulthood. Puberty begins a significant period of biological change that influences emotional experience, reward sensitivity, identity formation, and relationships. Parts of the brain involved in social awareness and emotional processing undergo extensive development during adolescence and continue maturing into the twenties. This developmental stage supports exploration, experimentation, social learning, and a greater willingness to engage with uncertainty and novelty. In many ways, this openness serves an important purpose. Without some capacity for risk-taking and exploration, it might be far more difficult to leave familiar environments, try new experiences, form relationships, and develop independence. However, as development continues into the mid-twenties, many people notice a shift. Experiences that once felt exciting may begin to carry greater awareness of responsibility, consequence, and long-term impact. This transition can feel confusing.

Sometimes people ask:

“Why am I suddenly thinking about everything differently?”

“Why do decisions feel heavier now?”

“Why do things that once felt exciting now feel uncertain?”

This does not necessarily mean something is wrong. It may reflect a gradual integration between emotional drives and a growing capacity for reflection and long-term thinking.

The Behavioural Blueprint We Bring Forward

Biology is only part of the story. By early adulthood, most people are also carrying a behavioural framework developed through childhood experiences. Through our families and early environments, we learn certain expectations about ourselves and the world. We learn how to seek approval, how to manage emotions, whether needs feel acceptable, how conflict is handled and what success means.

Some of these patterns support growth and connection. Others may have been highly adaptive in childhood but begin to feel restrictive in adulthood. A person who learned to prioritise others may struggle to make independent choices. Someone praised for achievement may feel lost without external validation. Someone who learned to avoid conflict may find adult relationships increasingly difficult.

From Adaptation to Choice

Transactional Analysis offers a helpful way of understanding this period. Many of the responses that helped us belong in childhood become part of our internal relational blueprint. These adaptations often develop intelligently and for good reason. However, adulthood asks different questions.

Rather than:

“How do I stay accepted?”

the question gradually becomes:

“Who am I when I begin making choices for myself?”

This shift can feel unsettling. Behaviours that once created safety may no longer support growth. What worked in one stage of life may begin to feel limiting in another.

Why This Stage Can Feel So Uncomfortable

One reason this transition can feel difficult is because adulthood often involves experiencing greater freedom alongside greater responsibility. The external structure of childhood gradually falls away. There is often less certainty, fewer fixed milestones, and more responsibility for creating meaning. This can lead to periods of comparison, self-doubt, or feeling left behind. At times, people may interpret this discomfort as failure. In reality, it may reflect the beginning of a deeper developmental process. The movement from adaptation towards self-authorship rarely feels entirely comfortable.

How Therapy Can Help

Therapy can provide space to slow down and understand this transition rather than rushing through it. It offers an opportunity to explore both the biological and psychological changes taking place, and to recognise which parts of ourselves still belong to earlier stages of life. Rather than asking whether a person is succeeding at adulthood, therapy often explores:

“Which parts of me am I carrying forward?”

“Which parts no longer fit?”

“What kind of adult do I want to become?”

As awareness develops, many people begin to move away from inherited expectations and towards choices that feel more intentional and aligned.

A Compassionate Perspective

The transition into adulthood is often less about becoming someone new and more about discovering which parts of ourselves still fit and which need revising. Periods of confusion, uncertainty, and questioning are not necessarily signs that something is wrong. They may simply be signs that growth is taking place. With time, reflection, and support, adulthood can become less about arriving at certainty and more about developing a relationship with ourselves that feels increasingly authentic.

Collette O’Mahony is a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor in private practice, working with clients online. She writes regularly on mental health and emotional wellbeing, with a focus on self-discovery, developing self-awareness, and supporting individuals to take meaningful responsibility for their inner lives.

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